“例子”是托福听力中的一位常客，在结构题当中出现最多。因此大家有这样的一种意识：考点在例子前后。在理想情况下，如果考生有足够强的预判意识，在例子出现前就能够听懂观点并且做了相关笔记，这样就可以很容易地推出答案。但现实是举例的信号词相对简单，大家倾向于去听例子后面的内容，却遗憾的忽略之前的观点（即答案）。为了避免大家再次出现这样的情况，今天和大家分享一下利用“三明治”式举例结构来找回错过的考点。

一，题型介绍

首先，让我们一起来熟悉下这种题型的经典问法

Why does the professor discuss X?

Why does the professor mention X?

然后，常见信号词有 (almost) like…， for example…

学生习惯从听到这类信号词记下才开始做笔记，但是这类题的重点更在于信号词前面的部分，也就是作者的观点，因此就要求学生具备较强的前瞻意识。其实我们会发现，很多这类听力基本都有按照“总观点-例子-总结”这种套路，如果我们能注意到例子讲完后的总结性观点，也可以找出答案哦。

二，方法论总结：

听信号词，记例子主体  

找例子后的观点;

比较例子前的观点;

三，题目解析

我们以TPO 15 Lecture1文本为例

Lavie thinks the solution lies in the brain’s ability to accept or ignore visual information. She thinks its capacity is limited. It’s like a highway: when there are too many cars, traffic is stopped. No one can get on. So when the brain is loaded to capacity, no new distractions can be perceived.

10. Why does the professor mention a highway?

To compare two experiments designed to study distraction

To give an example of when area V5 might be activated

To describe a limitation in the brain’s processing capacity

To make a point about the effect of distractions on driving

听信号词 like；记例子主体highway

找例子后的观点：So when the brain is loaded to capacity, no new distractions can be perceived.

比较例子前的观点： the brain’s ability to accept or ignore visual information.

大家会发现例子前的观点和总结性观点都是一个意思，所以答案就是大脑处理信息能力有限，直接选出答案就是C。

那下面我们再来练习一道，以TPO Lecture1为例。

What’s interesting is that studies have been done that suggest that the animal’s environment may play a part in determining what kind of behavior it displays.

For example, there’s a bird, the ‘wood thrush’, anyway, when the ‘wood thrush’ is in an attack-escape conflict, that is, it’s caught between the two urges to escape from or to attack an enemy, if it’s sitting on a horizontal branch, it’ll wipe its beak on its perch. If it’s sitting on a vertical branch, it’ll groom its breast feathers. The immediate environment of the bird, its immediate, um, its relationship to its immediate environment seems to play a part in which behavior will display.

Why does the professor mention the wood thrush?

A.  To contrast its displacement activities with those of other animals species.

B.  To explain that some animals display displacement activities other than grooming

C.  To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the environment.

D.  To give an example of an animal that does not display displacement activities.

1.听信号词For example,，记例子主体 wood thrush 

2找例子后的观点：its immediate environment seems to play a part in which behavior will display.

3比较例子前的观点：the animal’s environment may play a part in determining what kind of behavior it displays.

我们又可以发现例子前后又在说一样的意思：环境对动物行为有很大的影响，所以答案锁定C.

以上就是这次和大家一起分享的“三明治”方法，但要注意一点的就是在排除答案的时候，大家还是要按照所有题型的通用技巧：在笔记对应位置找对应答案就可以了。

作者简介：新航道广州学校谭小龙老师 留学预备课程，托福听力主讲，剑桥青少年系列课程主讲

英语学士学位，擅于调动课堂气氛，在教授基础知识的同时融入技巧讲解。