发布时间:2020-09-02 关键词:
摘要:人生无处不学习,「学习」这个概念早已不再局限书本知识,近几年兴起的各类线上技能学习,从演讲、写作、PPT制作到心理学、教师培训、投资理财,一应俱全。
人生无处不学习,「学习」这个概念早已不再局限书本知识,近几年兴起的各类线上技能学习,从演讲、写作、PPT制作到心理学、教师培训、投资理财,一应俱全。
在托福独立写作中,「学」更是一个重要视角,这个视角内涵丰富,不妨作为一个框架思维储存,很多相关的话题都能回归到这个框架中,从信息到价值,几乎每一件事上都有你能“学”到的东西!由此,“学到东西”经常可以作为一个分论点拓展,强调做某一件事情的好处,比如有利于积累知识经验(accumulate valuable experience),有助于提升批判性思维能力(critical thinking ability),提升独立性(independence)等。
获得信息→学得知识→提高技能→锻炼能力→养成习惯、培养品质→塑造人生观(outlook on life)、重塑价值观(values)
品质培养
今天我们来看其中一个比较底层的点—品质培养。当我们谈到好的品质时,这种品质往往带着社会、道德属性,其中很多品质也是传统意义上所认为的美德(virtues),和价值理念不同的是,美德往往是跨越文化,世界公认的(Virtues are universal and recognized by all cultures ),比如流传较广的six pillars of characters(六大品格支柱),简称 “T.R.R.F.C.C.” (terrific),这六大品格分别是:Trustworthiness, Respect, Responsibility, Fairness, Caring, and Citizenship.塑造和传输价值观我们往往这样表达:
shape one’s values塑造价值观
instill… in/into sb. 逐渐灌输
e.g. instill into them the values of teamwork and sportsmanship.
impart to sb.传输
e.g. impart information to the children
inculcate in someone’s mind. 反复灌输
e.g. inculcate a feeling of citizenship in youngsters’ mind
在托福独立写作考试中,素质、品质一直是一个重点考察对象,经常考到的话题有孩子的品质培养,是否要对任何人都保持礼貌(politeness)等,这里我们具体来看一个领导力相关的话题。
领导力Question:A/D Leadership comes naturally: one cannot learn to be a leader. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. (TPO38)
美国领导学成就,演说家约翰·麦斯威尔(John C. Maxwell)在他的书中《领导力21法则》(The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership)谈到他经常会在演讲中被问及这个问题,他一般会先幽默地回答:“Yes, of course they are... I’ve yet to meet an unborn leader! How else would you expect them to come into the world?” 是啊,他们当然是天生的…迄今为止我还没见过不是自然生出来的领导呢!你觉得他们还能通过其他方式来到这个世界吗?
然后他会认真地回答这个问题:“Although it’s true that some people are born with greater natural gifts than others, the ability to lead is really a collection of skills, nearly all of which can be learned and improved. But that process doesn’t happen overnight. Leadership is complicated. It has many facets很多方面: respect尊重, experience经验, emotional strength情绪力量, people skills人际交往能力, discipline原则, vision远见, momentum势能, timing时机—the list goes on. As you can see, many factors that come into play(起作用) in leadership are intangible(无形的).”和任何一种天赋(talent)一样,有些人可能在领导力上更有天赋一些,也更有兴趣发展领导力,但不能说“one cannot learn to be a leader”,这样的说法过于极端,事实上领导力是一系列技能的综合体(a collection of skills/integrated ability/comprehensive ability),除了上面提到的内容,还包括坚强的性格(strong character),以往知识和经验的累积(accumulated knowledge and past experience),直觉intuition,以及与他人建立的关系(relationships)等等。
在领导力的几个相关因素中,概括起来就是你能做什么,和你能建立什么样的关系。有了这样一个认知后,解题就比较容易了,首先选择反对,领导力的各方面都是可以提高的,分论点阐述主要可以提高的几个方面写作思路段落一,越是了解团队成员,越能提高领导能力。领导力的一个重要体现并不是每一个方面都最为出类拔萃,而正是善于发挥团队的作用来达成共同的目标,学习发挥团队中有不同技能的人的作用(Tapping into the potential of each team member, including their varied skills and abilities)。对于大多数领导人来说,这是一个可以也需要通过后天学习而获得提高的技能,比如提前了解组员的情况,了解他们的需求(needs)、渴望(aspiration)、技能(skills)都能从不同程度上提高团队士气(boost the team morale)和团队效能(group efficacy) +个人例子。
段落二,需要不断提升自身的能力和素质,因为它是领导力的一个重要组成部分(an essential component)。组员往往会跟随(follow)那些能力比自己强的人,即便的能力已经很强了,依然需要不断成长并带领团队成长,事实上,在一个研究中发现 In a study of ninety top leaders from a variety of fields, leadership experts Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus made a discovery about the relationship between growth and leadership: “It is the capacity to develop and improve their skills that distinguishes leaders from their followers.”
段落三, 通过了解和学习领导力方面的知识和原则也能让更好地发展自身的领导力。比如,阅读的管理学大师Stephen R. Covey的书籍“ 7 habits of highly effective people”。 在他的书中提到一个案例:在一个石油公司的总裁在认识到leadership和management不同之后的一个月中,他说到“I looked at my role as the president of this company and realized that I had never been into leadership.” 于是,他把管理的职责下放(delegate)给他人,开始花时间真正“lead the company”。仅仅是这样一个意识的转变就能使局面得到较大的转变,更不用说,当我们学习把John C. Maxwell所提倡“The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership”中的一些的法则,应用在团队中可能会带来的变化。通过对领导力相关知识的学习后,我们再来看与领导力相关的真题就不会再苦思冥想了,来试一下吧
Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important characteristic of a politician or a leader is good communication skill? (2019.9.7)
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