托福口语：学科题之海洋动物的适应性

大家在托福口语学科题Task3Task4刷题的时候有没有发现有关海洋生物的题目占据了一定比重。以Task4为例，在TPO1-66中生物学有22题，占1/3比重；而其中有关海洋生物的题目有5题，分别为TPO13/14/45/49/65，约占1/4比重。除了TPO49讲的是鱼类群居的危害，其他题目都在讨论海洋生物为了适应海下生活，而发展出的适应性(adaptation) 这里会节选上述题目中的文本，给同学们做背景知识的普及。

叶海龙

the Leafy Sea Dragon

它长得像一条绿色小龙，身上长满叶状突起，它的颜色和形状都很海底植物。当游到其中，捕食者很难发现它。

it resembles a small green dragon with leaf-like protrusions sticking out like arms. Now because its colors and shapes, it blends in extremely well with green sea plants. So when the Leafy Sea Dragon is swimming through these plants, predators have trouble seeing it.

乌贼

the Cuttlefish

乌贼能通过眼睛把得到的视觉印象传到神经中枢，然后给色素细胞发出信号，通过色素细胞的扩张和收缩来变色，由此可以融入周围环境，避免被捕食者发现。

Cuttlefish have shifting pigments that allow them to change color in a matter of seconds, so they can almost instantaneously match their color of their surroundings. If they’re swimming by green sea plants, they’ll turn green. And if they’re swimming over the brown sea floor, they’ll turn brown.

吞噬鳗

Pelican eel

吞噬鳗嘴和胃都特别大，弹力十足，所以它可以一口吞下比自己体积大很多的食物，从而获取更多营养，争取更多的时间。

there's a species of eel that has an enormous mouth and a large stomach that's capable of expanding. And these unusual features allow this eel to eat prey larger than itself. That's a big advantage because if the eel eats something big, that's a lot of food, a lot of nutrition. So the eel can go for quite a while before it has to find food again.

海洋动物都非常神奇，五花八门的长相和特征，了解下它们的习性，有利于我们口语使用！

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