超高频词汇来袭，助力托福阅读满分

下面为大家介绍下托福阅读词汇，根据TPO阅读真题整理，每个单词都是在考试中出现过的。词汇根据类型分组，方便同学们的记忆。

今天我们将讲解以下6个超高频词语：

1.词汇：Remnant

美 ['remnənt]英 ['remnənt]

n. a small remaining part of something

出处：TPO 45，49 （几乎是连续出现，可见ETS对这个单词的重视程度）

句子：

The recognition that many aspects of the modern flora and fauna were present on both sides of the Bering Sea as remnants of the ice-age landscape led to this region being named Beringia.

Raised beaches are remnants of former coastlines at higher levels relative to the present shoreline and visible, for instance, along the Californian coast north of San Francisco.

【从这可以看出，二篇文章都是关于地理的，而remnants在这和remain 意思相同，都代表残留物的意思。各位学生们之后若看到地理文章不要忘记这个单词哦。】

remnant在美国文章中也经常用于表达地理上的残留物。

The islands of Torres Strait have been shown to be the denuded remnant of a former extension of Cape York peninsula in North Queensland.

2.词汇：decline

美 [dɪ'klaɪn] 英 [dɪ'klaɪn]

v.a decrease in number, amount, value, or quality

出处：TPO 43

句子：

The philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), who lived at a time when the city-state system was declining, believed that a political entity of 100,000 simply would not be able to govern itself. (注：文章中decline是衰弱的意思，也可以理解呈下降的意思)

【decline 的用法没有限制，而且是一个十分常用的单词。当同学们慢慢熟悉美国生活后，就会发现当你想表达下降的意思时，不管你是中国人还是美国人，你个想到的单词就会是decline。所以希望大家牢牢记住这个单词！】

3.词汇：proliferate

美 [prə'lɪfə.reɪt] 英 [prə'lɪfəreɪt]

v.to increasegreatly in number

出处：TPO 33

句子：

It was notuntil the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million years ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity.

【巧的是在这道题的选项中恰恰有decline这个单词，如果不知道decline的同学可能就会头大了。Proliferation 通常会用在生物学中，比如说细胞的增长，动植物。】

如：It may also take place where rapid proliferation of the cellis going on, as in the budding of the Yeast plant.   

该词语在生活中还有其他用法: population proliferation

易混淆的：

4.词汇：Sever(ed)

美 ['sevər] 英 ['sevə(r)]

v.to cut through something or cut something off, or be cut through or off

出处：TPO 32

句子：

The old local ruling families, then, were sever(ed) from their traditional social context.

【中文意思是割断，断绝。文章中出现的是他的过去分词形式，be severed表示被动，被割断. Sever 也可以应用在托福写作中，用来代替separated。】

5.词汇：Severe

美 [sɪ'vɪr] 英 [sɪ'vɪə(r)]

adj. very harsh orstrict

出处：TPO 45

句子：

Incontrast, the food levels in the deeper layers of the ocean are great lyreduced, and the energy constraints on the animals are much more severe.

【中文意思是严峻的，严厉的，剧烈的，苛刻的。在此语境中，意思是剧烈的。大多数情况下，这个单词的意思是严峻的，表示“形式很严峻的”。】

如：In 1887 a severe banking crisis occurred in Sardinia.

6.词汇：retard

美 ['ri.tɑrd]英 ['riː.tɑː(r)d]

v.to slow or delaythe progress of something

出处：TPO 48

句子：

The releaseof heat energy is retarded by the tall vertical city walls that do not allow infrared radiation to escapeas readily as does the relatively level surface of the surrounding countryside.

【在文章中的意思是slow down 减速，放慢速度。】

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