发布时间:2021-08-06 关键词:
摘要:托福口语学习误区有哪些?总结了新航道托福口语教学经验之后,提出一个简单而又有效的观点供大家借鉴或指正,那就是“同中教学口语,同外教练口语”。
托福口语学习误区有哪些?总结了新航道托福口语教学经验之后,提出一个简单而又有效的观点供大家借鉴或指正,那就是“同中教学口语,同外教练口语”。
一、长久以来的“外教”误区
很多英语学习者一提到“学口语”,就会立刻反应出一个问题“有没有外教”?诚然,外教的英语是无可挑剔的,外教的指导也是必要的。但是,大家会发现一个现象很奇怪:即使上了全外教口语课,口语水平也未必有多大提高。其实原因很简单:外教课上是你说得多还是外教说得多?相信还是外教在不停的表演来挑逗大家说的欲望吧!但是除非一个班上只有一两个人,否则只要人稍微多一点,以我们中国人的内敛性格,就都“免开尊口”了。
还有一个怪现象:外教上课不断鼓励大家开口,我们就是不领情!其实外教很难理解中国人为何不张嘴,因为那是他们的母语,他们认为说英语是与生俱来、天经地义的,就像青蛙会蛙泳是本能一样。但是英语并非我们的母语,而且随着年龄的增长,成年人已经过了像孩子那样通过“浸泡”在英语环境里就能学好英语的时机了。我的很多归国学生的经历验证了我的观点。他们在国外生活了一年,都不能自如表达稍微深入的口语话题。这是因为国外的英语教学根本不会总结英语的规律,而是纯粹把留学生“浸泡”在一个环境里,这并不符合成年人善于理性分析而不善于单纯模仿的学习特点。所以,我们学习英语需要总结出“规律”来!
二、口语水平高低的标志——能否用英语组织语言
口语水平高低不在于单词量,更不在于能否说出多少个“地道”的说法(特别是俚语,更不是大家应该过分追求的东西,因为俚语是非正式用语),而在于能否在大脑中用英语组织语言,而非用汉语组织语言,再翻译成英语。因为只要是用汉语组织语言再翻译,就一定会出现结结巴巴的“卡壳”状态。那么如何实现用英语组织语言呢?
三、同中教学口语
只有中国老师才会总结出语言的规律,所以大家在初级和中级阶段一定要向中国老师学习英语口语表达的规律。
比如,什么是“英语思维”?你向外教问这个问题就像外教问你什么是“汉语思维”你也说不出来一样,因为“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”,作为母语我们都说不出已经习惯成自然的规律。但是我作为教授多年英语的中教,就会告诉你:英语的思维方式有如下特点:
1.英语是先说重要的,再说次要的,称之为“Say what you want to say, then say why”。汉语刚好相反,先说次要的,再说重要的,称之为“Save the best for the last”。比如中国人解释“ape(类人猿)”这个词,是先说修饰成分再说核心名词:“类人猿是长得像人的猴子”。而英语一定是先说核心名词再说修饰成分:“Apes are the monkeys that look like human beings”。
2.英语是追求独特和具体的,汉语是追求趋同和抽象的。英语里面有一个单词叫“outstanding”,意思就是“杰出”。这个词可以解释为“If you stand out, you are outstanding”,也就是说,只要和别人不同,就是杰出。因此说英语时要注意独特性。那么如何做到与众不同呢?很简单,越具体就越独特!这一点不同于我们的汉语,喜欢“微言大义”、“言有尽而意无穷”,所以中国人说汉语的时候是能简单就简单。这也体现了中国人内敛的性格。另外,看看美国电影,我们经常会发现当你夸赞一个美国年轻人“You did a good job”的时候,他们可能会回答“Thank you, but I deserve it because I’ve put a lot of hours into it”。反之,如果我们夸赞一个中国年轻人“干得不错”的时候,他的回答可能是“我不行,都是领导栽培,同志们的鼓励,我算什么啊!”两个民族的思维方式差异可见一般。
四、动手写英语日记
我本人在次参加托福口语考试之前,动手写了四个口语topic,每个topic写了150个单词。在写前三分之一的时候很痛苦,觉得自己的语言很贫乏。中间三分之一的时候就渐入佳境了,因为已经总结出了很多套话。而最后三分之一简直是轻车熟路,因为那些套话成了“放之四海而皆准”的“至理名言”。比如,当我回答“Do you think the high school should teach music and art as other basic science? Include details and examples to support your opinion. (05. 12.2; 07.10.17考题)”的时候,我会回答 “Well, in my opinion, the high school should teach music and art as other basic science. First, students would have more opportunity to see different things and know more about music and art. Taking a break from study is not only beneficial for their body, but also for their mind. It’s like self–refreshment. What’s more, music and art lead to involvement and involvement leads to enthusiasm and more response, which is very important for a student who is pursuing a better future. ”
现在请大家思考一下如何回答:
1. Do you agree or disagree that college students should do an internship before graduation? (07. 5.18考题)
Well, in my opinion, I would agree that college students should do an internship before graduation.
2. Someone focuses on one job throughout his life, others like to change from one job to the other. Which one do you think is better, why? (07.2.10, 07. 12.10考题)
Well, in my opinion, focusing on one job throughout one’s life is better. First, people would have more opportunity to see interested things and know more about this job. The stability is not only beneficial for their good job, but also for their clear mind. It’s like self–refreshment. What’s more, the stability leads to involvement and involvement leads to enthusiasm and more response, which is very important for a person who is pursuing a better future.
3. Should government give financial support to build museums and theaters? State your opinion and explain why. (05. 12.17; 07. 9.29; 08.2.16考题)
Well, in my opinion, government should give financial support to build museums and theaters. First, people would have more opportunity to see art works and know more about the art. It is not only beneficial for himself, but also for the society. What’s more, financial support leads to involvement and involvement leads to enthusiasm and more response, which is very important for the society who is pursuing a better future.
4. Do you agree or disagree that cell phone usage should be banned in some places? Include details and examples to support your opinion. (05. 12.3; 07.11.11考题, 与07.7.21类似)
Well, in my opinion, I would agree with the opinion that cell-phone usage should be banned in some places. First, people would have more opportunity to be quiet and have a break. It is not only beneficial for himself, but also for others. What’s more, cell phone usage leads to radiation and radiation leads to bad condition, which is very bad for the head of the people.是不是可以套用刚才我的答案?
其实,我本人就是依靠写英语口头作文的方法达到了本文一开头说的“用英语组织语言”的,因为我发现如果仅仅停留在口头上,我的语言总是零散和不准确的,而且更糟的是,由于时间太短,我根本不能纠正我的那些语言问题。但是当我把想说的每一句话都写下来的时候,我就能够有时间重新审视我的语言。并且如果我写得多了,就一定能够“下笔如有神”,这样就能做到用英语思维了。
有人会担心:我写的不对怎么办?其实这种担心是多余的。首先,写总比不写强,不要因为害怕犯错误就不去做。其次,如果哪里拿不准,完全可以找高手、老师帮忙修改。改多了,水平不就上来了吗?所以希望大家每天能够写一篇英语日记,描述一个topic(150-200字),写好了再背下来,肯定能够迅速提高英语思维能力。
五、同外教练口语
当我们通过写英语日记积累了很多的口语套话和素材,并且也能够用英语组织语言之后,就要趁热打铁找外教疯狂练习。其实练口语的机会多种多样。比如大街上给外国人指路、在一些展会上与外国人交流等等。其实在中国的土地上,外国人比我们孤独得多,所以只要我们愿意热情地与他们交流,他们一定更加愿意和我们聊天。而且每次聊天都必须在1小时以上,才能真正克服曾经的紧张情绪。
最后预祝托福考生都可以取的好成绩!
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