托福写作遣词造句方法——有变化

托福写作要想获取高分除了备考方法格外重要之外，我们还需要了解托福写作的遣词造句方法，本文中小编将为大家讲讲有关托福写作遣词造句方法。

所谓有变化，就是指考生在写作中，一个词最好只出现一次，第二次或后几次出现时用其他的词来替换。替换的方法有同义词，语法结构的变化，以及下义词等方法。

1. 同义词

关于老年人的话题在新托福考试中曾经出现过，情况对“老年人”的多样表达：

the elderly, the old, the aged, ageing population, the retired, senior citizens

下面是新托福材料中，摘抄的两段话，非常形象的体现了一个词的多样表达，先看第 一段，请大家注意“奇怪的”这个词在这一段话中的使用：

Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?

又如，在下文中，四个词形式不同，但都是“显著的”意思。

In 1900, the United States had>

为了做到用词有变化，朗阁海外考试研究中心为大家列举了托福写作中最常用的一些词的同义表达：

同意v : accede to, agree with/on, approve of, consent to, subscribe to, side with

认为v: consider, deem, figure, reckon, believe, think, say, hold, claim, assume, argue, maintain, contend, assert, state, declare

影响n: impact, influence, effect, implication, affection

因素n : factor, contributor, ingredient, element

促进v: enhance, improve, promote, boost， advance, further

培养v: cultivate, foster, develop, nurture

重要的adj: important, critical, crucial, major, essential, vital, main, pivotal

明显的adj: manifest, apparent, evident, obvious

大量的: myriads of, a host of, a multitude of, a great deal of, a vast number of(+cn) , a vast amount of (+un), a plenty of, a wide range of, a great variety of

2. 语法结构的变化

语法的变化指的是，将一个词从语法结构上做一个变化来体现多样性，常见的有词性变化，从句和分词的转变等等。请看下面的例子：

energy consumption = energy which is consumed = energy consumed

the production of ozone-damaging gases

the amount of gases which are produced to damage the ozone layer

3. 下义词

所谓下义关系，亦称种属关系，就是指几个单词的词义属于另一个词的词义范畴。充分利用下义关系是强化单词记忆的好方法，这在复习阶段尤其如此。

1). Color

其下义词有：white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, orange等;

2). Subject

的下义词有：maths, physics, chemistry, politics, Chinese, biology等;

3). profession

其下义词有：doctor, teacher, accountant, president, lawyer等;

4). means of transportation

其下义词有：car, bus, subway, bicycle, ship等。

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