发布时间:2020-08-31 关键词:雅思写作的修饰语与中心词!
摘要:如介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句等皆放在被修饰语的后面;而汉语的修饰语无论长短、繁简,皆置于被修饰语的前面。体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。
雅思写作如介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句等皆放在被修饰语的后面;而汉语的修饰语无论长短、繁简,皆置于被修饰语的前面。体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。
例如:①The scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from the pollution by all kinds of industrial harmful waste gases.
汉语“全世界的科学家”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。“净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法”同样是修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则相反。
②We appreciate your words about the relations between our two countries.汉语“有关我们两国关系的谈话”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。“有关我们两国关系”,同样是修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则相反。
③The hungry boy ate up everything he could have his hands on from the refrigerator.“他从冰箱里所能拿到的吃的东西”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。
④The problem arose of how to fairly distribute the world natural resources.
比较而言,该句主语太长,谓语太短,构成了不连续性修饰语,不过还是有些突兀,但修饰语还得后置。而汉语“怎样合理分配世界自然资然的问题”仍是修饰语在前,中心词在后。
句子
英语句子开门见山,其主谓结构是全句的“纲”,其余成份是“目”,一般先下结论,后叙事,从近到远,新近发生的事先出现,重心落在句首。汉语句子一般以逻辑关系和时间的先后顺序排列,一般先叙事,后下结论,由远及近,重心落在句尾。这种差异体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。
中国学生在英语写作时往往会受汉语思维的影响,写出下面的句子:
①When I stayed in Guangzhou last month, you helped me. I am grateful for that.
②Tom’s mother died when he was only two years old, so he did not remember her.
③After we left China in 1959, the natural calamities happened one after another for three years in the country. While we read about it at home, we had been dismayed.
⑤It looked rain that evening, yet Dad came all the same. That made us very joyful.
如果按英语直入的思维方式,以上几句要改写成:
①I am very grateful for your help to me during my stay in Guangzhou last month.
②Tom did not remember his mother who died when he was only two years old.
③We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that happened one after another for three years after we left China in 1959.
④It looked rain that evening, yet to our great joy, Dad came all the same.
这种思维方式的转换要是更复杂一点,对中国学生来说,是需要操练的。例如:
1. 我认为如果他们初次相识时,她很穷,他未必会爱她。这位女性由于对他有好感而帮助他,使他心存感激,这种感激之情很容易发展成为真挚的爱情。
I do not suppose he would have loved her if she had been poor when he first knew her, but the gratitude which he felt for the help which he owed to her kindly interest in him easily developed into a sincere affection. (条件关系和多层因果关系的转换)
2. 她去深圳参加一个会议,会议结束后,她就到香港去购物,昨天才回来。
She came back yesterday from Hong Kong where she had gone shopping after the meeting in Shenzhen.(时间顺序的转换)
段落篇章
这里篇章包括段落和全文。总体而言,英文篇章,一般都采用直线型的形式,尤其是说明文和议论文,更是一般——具体式的。
英语篇章是a writer-responsible pattern, 即作者在篇章中有责任、有义务向读者交代其主旨或目的。为使读者省时高效,英语篇章开门见山,一开头就直接点明段落的主题句 (topic sentence) 或全文的中心思想 (thesis statement), 即亮明作者的观点、态度、看法等;或者以引言开门,即“首先用一个熟悉的事实、观点、故事、引言等开头,然后直接见到作者全文的观点思想”。
由以上分析可知,西方人的直线式思维和中国人的螺旋式思维存在明显的差异,体现在语言中,几乎渗透到语言的各个单位,包括词汇、句子、段落和全篇。因此烤鸭们要知道,一种思维是一种文化长期的积淀,它已进入该民族的潜意识,根深蒂固。如果只学语言本身,不会知其所以然,一旦到了使用语言时,汉语思维自然突现,便会写出Chinglish却浑然不知。
综上所述,想要取得雅思写作7分甚至更高的分数,单靠所谓的模板和复杂的句式是做不到的,只有从写作思维模式上进行改变,才有可能取得好的写作成绩。而中式思维的根深蒂固必定会对正确的英语写作思维产生阻力,因此,临摹英式思维的文章以及阅读海外学术著作对于转变写作思维有着至关重要的作用。
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