雅思考试“原因分析”类雅思作文该怎样审题？

雅思作文审题(3)：原因分析类

我们先来看看以下一组雅思考试真题：

1. An increasing number of people are changing careers during the working life. What do you think are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or a negative trend? (2014/6/21)

2. In some countries, more and more people choose to live by themselves. Is that a positive or negative trend of the society? What are the causes? (2014/9/27)

3. Children find it difficult to concentrate on or pay attention to school. What are the reasons? How can we solve this problem? (2017/4/29)

4. In many countries, more and more fathers are staying at home to look after children, while mothers work full-time. What are the reasons? Is it positive or negative? (2017/12/14)

5. More and more people want to buy famous brands with clothes, cars and other items. What are the reasons behind this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development? (2018/6/23)

6. These days an increasing number of people in many cities know little about their neighbors and do not have a sense of community. What do you think are the causes and what solution can you suggest? (2018/7/19)

不难看出，这些题目的命题模式是一样的，即先提出一个现象，然后让考生分析这些现象的原因，最后提出解决办法，或者讨论其优劣。题目具体要求请看如下。

题号现象问题：

1、越来越多的人换工作

原因是什么？是好还是坏？

2、越来越多的人选择独居

原因是什么？是好还是坏？

3、孩子们很难专心学习

原因是什么？怎么解决？

4、家庭主男越来越多

原因是什么？是好还是坏？

5、越来越多的人喜欢

原因是什么？是好还是坏？

6、越来越多的人不关心邻居

原因是什么？怎么解决？

这类题目中，我们完全不必去考虑给定现象或问题的合理性。比如在第1题中，“越来越多的人换工作”，这个是题目给定的，不需要考生去考虑这个说法是不是合理。即使在某些情况下，考生并不认可题目给定的现象，也不能花大篇幅去讨论，因为这类题目的重心在后面，即对产生这个现象的原因进行分析。总体来说，这类题目的行文结构如下：

第1段：引出要讨论的问题或现象

第2、3段：分析问题或现象产生的原因

第4段：针对原因提出解决办法或者分析利弊

那么如何分析原因呢？老师认为，世界上任何一个现象都有其原因，而且这个原因是分层次的，也就是我们经常说的表层原因和深层原因，或内因和外因。表层原因/内因主要涉及的是个体和自身的原因，包括物质原因，心理原因等，而深层原因/外因则主要涉及个体之外的社会、历史、文化原因等。如果我们以这种方式来考察任何现象产生的原因，我们就会找到很多素材，同时还能做到仅仅有条，逻辑有序。这是此类问题的一般思维方式，烤鸭应该结合不同题目选择素材进行写作。结合以上分析，老师尝试给出本文开头6道雅思作文真题的审题思路，供大家参考（本文仅分析原因部分）。

第1题：越来越多的人换工作，原因是什么？是好还是坏？

思路：（1）个人原因：追求更高收入；（2）心理原因：现在人们在心理上接受频繁更换工作这一做法；（3）社会原因：市场和技术变化更快，一辈子从事同一件工作的可能性越来越小，也就是说，社会迫使人们频繁更换工作。

第2题：越来越多的人选择独居，原因是什么？是好还是坏？

思路：（1）个人原因：独居减轻经济压力；（2）心理原因：独居带来心理自由；（3）社会原因：网络的发展使独居的人也不孤独，社会保险制度的完善则使独居者不再为老年生活担忧。

第3题：孩子们很难专心学习，原因是什么？怎么解决？

思路：（1）个人原因：孩子们受很多因素（比如网络游戏）的干扰；（2）心理/社会原因：接受教育似乎已经不再是成功的途径，孩子们不再愿意投入那么多时间来学习。

第4题：家庭主男越来越多，原因是什么？是好还是坏？

思路：（1）个人/心理原因：现在，男人在家里做家务照顾孩子，也不是一件丢脸的事情；（2）社会原因：就业市场结构的改变，女人可以从事的工作越来越多，男人的工作越来越少。

第5题：越来越多的人喜欢，原因是什么？是好还是坏？

思路：（1）个人原因：是质量的保证，因此购买可以享受更好的产品；（2）心理/社会原因：使用意味着身份，容易被更多人接纳和信任。

第6题：越来越多的人不关心邻居，原因是什么？怎么解决？

思路：（1）个人原因：网络及社交媒体的发展，使人们不需要通过邻居来获得归属感；（2）心理原因：不信任邻居；（3）社会原因：越来越多的媒体负面报道，让人们不再放心与邻居交往。

狗，建筑物，街道，动物，黑白，散步，交叉，灯光，对比，人，伴侣，锻炼，城市，街道，街景摄影

下面是老师原创的一篇范文，读者可以结合实例看看这种原因分析类题目一般是怎样来写的。

These days an increasing number of people in many cities know little about their neighbors and do not have a sense of community. What do you think are the causes and what solution can you suggest? (2018/7/19)

审题：在城市里，邻居之间互不交往，邻居发生了什么事情漠不关心，大家完全没有社区意识，这已经是一个十分普遍的社会现象。那么原因到底是什么呢？我们可以从哪几个方面来分析呢？原因当然是多方面多层次的，在短短的250字内不可能谈完谈深。也许是受到了媒体的影响，认为邻居可能不是好人，可能会抢我，甚至害我（物质层面）；也许是家里的网络给了我太多归属感，让我沉醉在虚拟世界里（心理层面）；也许是现在科技发达，很多事情我们都可以自己独立完成，不再需要邻居帮忙（社会层面）。那么怎么办呢？无非是远离手机、电脑，去与邻居交流，去加入社区活动；新闻媒体应该多报道社会的积极面，而不是那些耸人听闻的阴暗面，等等。

老师范文

Now we have numerous newspaper reports about a child being robbed without anybody offering to help him or a ninety-year-old poor woman dead at home for days without anybody knowing it. [这个开头旨在通过具体案例描写出题目给定的现象，即人们互不关心] All these reports point to one key problem city dwellers face nowadays, especially in big cities: they seldom interact with their neighbors, much less to say they care about their neighbors, and they feel lonely because they do not feel they belong to any community. [通过案例描写带出需要解释的现象]

When asked why they do not socialize with their neighbors, many people would respond by saying “Why should I? This is a dangerous city!”[这样写主题句，比模板化的句子，比如Firstly, people do not socialize with their neighbors because they think it dangerous to do so要更生动，灵活] Indeed, modern media such as TV, newspaper and the Internet have had way too much coverage about the city’s crimes like theft, robbery and murder. People constantly exposed to such reports of the dark side of the city life may harbor the idea that nobody is trustworthy, including their neighbors. [本段写个原因：人们看多了负面新闻，认为邻居都不可信任]

Meanwhile, people now do not feel any more the necessity to communicate with their neighbors or become part of a community. [主题句：人们不再有必要和邻居交往]Anyway, they do not need their neighbors like they did before. They work, earn enough money, and go back home. When they want to talk, they can just pick up their cellphone and talk to anybody in the world; when they have some brilliant ideas they want to share, they can go online with a few simple clicks and then post their ideas there. [本段用例证的手法，论述人们现在不需要和邻居交往]

But we all know that confinement is no good, no matter how many friends or fans we may have online. As part and parcel of the solution to the problem, I would suggest everybody have an “Internet-free moment”. [提出解决办法之一：“无网时刻”] Simply put, we can set aside an hour every day, in which we try to reach out for our neighbors personally rather than with a cellphone or laptop. [解释什么是“无网时刻”]Once we begin to care about real people around us, we will suddenly find ourselves living in a community that also cares about us. This experience is much more rewarding than having thousands of virtual friends who do not really know us. [讨论“无网时刻”的好处] At the same time, all media should be fully aware of their share of responsibility in this problem, and try to bring more positive stories about the city life. [简要提出另外一个建议：媒体应该多报道城市的正面生活]

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