托福写作新题型该如何拿满分

在2023年7月26日，托福考试将迎来全面升级，而升级后所带来的改变大家大概都有所了解。今天我们来聊一聊改革后，代替了独立写作的新题型——Academic Discussion，我们该如何备考它才能拿满分？

1、备考资料

不知道大家发现了没有，有个题型与iBT写作新题型，看起来不能说毫无关系，只能说是一模一样，那就是TOEFL Essentials 写作其中的一个部分，大家可以看下视频介绍对比。

不知道的还以为是同一个考试，只是题目内容、头像不同而已。那么对于很多备考的同学来说，可以大胆尝试用Essential 所对应部分的题目来备考。

所以对于备考资料来说，可以大胆的用。另外下面是官方目前给出的样题 

(1)上面截图里关于advertising 的这个

(2)发布会给的一个样题

(3)官方样题 Writing Practice Set 4 （和#2 这个很像，只是 Lena A 和 Claire 的回复有所不同）

(4)官方样题 Writing Practice Set 2

(5)官方Free Practice Test 里的题目

在7月正式改革前，官方肯定会提供更多的样题，加上TOEFL Essentials 部分的题目，考生完全无需担心没有题目可以练手。但是作为一个新题型，我们更为关心的可能是打分的尺度。下面就是我们的第二个部分

2、评分标准

对于新题型Academic Discussion ，官方给出了满分（5分）的要求如下：

The response is a relevant and very clearly expressed contribution to the online discussion, and it demonstrates consistent facility in the use of language.

A typical response displays the following:

1.Relevant and well-elaborated explanations, exemplifications, and/or details

2.Effective use of a variety of syntactic structures and precise, idiomatic word choice

3.Almost no lexical or grammatical errors other than those expected from a competent writer writing under timed conditions (e.g., common typos or common misspellings or substitutions like there/their)

我们来对比下，目前还在使用的独立写作的满分（5分）要求：

An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

1.Effectively addresses the topic and task;

2.Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications and/ordetails

3.Displays unity, progression and coherence

4.Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors

其实大家认真阅读一下可以看出，基本上是一样的要求，只不过新题型没有独立写作关于organization 部分（包括unity, progression and coherence ）的直接要求。其实也不能说coherence 这些类似一点都不考察，内容清楚、文章有逻辑结构，这也是写作时需要注意的。其实对比下来，新题型的要求在整体上其实和目前的独立写作还是差不多的。

3、满分示范

这个满分示范来自于官方样题，对应上面“备考资料部分”的Writing Practice Set 4 （就是important invention 那个题目）

In the past 200 years, tons of scientific discoveries or technological inventions have been shown to the world. 【引入话题】If I had to choose one in particular it will probably be vaccine or antibiotics. 【表明态度】With Pasteur's work and discoveries, the world changed in a way people couldn't imagine. So many people were dying really young because at that time life's conditions were not as good as the one we have now. With vaccine, we could now irradicate diseases that were killing millions of people, we learn so much about the immune system and ways our body was reacting to pathogens and the answers he could produce to defend us against it. 【有vaccine or antibiotics前后的对比论证】 Medicine evolved so much and keeps evolving every day because scientists are curious to understand how our body is working and how he is able to communicate with our environment. 【vaccine or antibiotics 对于后来医药研究的帮助】People aged 40 are now not that old and still have a really long life to live and enjoy when 2 centuries ago it was synonymous of 80% chance of dying. 【vaccine or antibiotics 对于延长寿命的帮助】

全文一共是171个字。

范文简单来说就是“虽小俱全”：虽然只有10分钟的时间去写百来词，但是引入话题、表明态度、细节论证，这样的层次很清楚。即使在语言上会有些小瑕疵，但也依旧是可以拿满分，其关键就在于细节的展开上。但需要需要的是，考试所提供的时间仅有10分钟，不仅需要读题，还要构思，内容输出，所以在时间上可能会比较紧迫。